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1 физические потребности
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > физические потребности
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2 материальные потребности
material needs, material requirementsРусско-английский политический словарь > материальные потребности
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3 физические потребности
material needs, physical needРусско-английский словарь по общей лексике > физические потребности
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4 иметь достаточно для удовлетворения своих физических потребностей
1) General subject: have enough for material needs, have enough for material needs2) Makarov: have enough for (one's) material needsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > иметь достаточно для удовлетворения своих физических потребностей
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5 материальные потребности
1) General subject: bodily needs2) Economy: material wants3) Business: material needs4) EBRD: physical needs5) Robots: material requirementsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > материальные потребности
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6 удовлетворение материальных нужд
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > удовлетворение материальных нужд
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7 потребности в материалах
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > потребности в материалах
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8 материальное обеспечение
1) General subject: material security2) Military: logistic support, logistics, provision of material needs, supply3) Law: endowment4) Economy: supplies and utilities, tangible security5) Australian slang: stuff7) Advertising: material support8) Business: supply of materials9) leg.N.P. financial security10) Chemical weapons: supply support11) oil&gas: material controlУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > материальное обеспечение
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9 физические потребности
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > физические потребности
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10 удовлетворение удовлетворени·е
1) satisfaction, gratificationудовлетворение обменом мнениями — satisfaction with the exchange of opinions / views
2) эк.удовлетворение растущего платёжеспособного спроса населения — satisfaction of the growing effective demand of the people
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > удовлетворение удовлетворени·е
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11 не о хлебе едином жив будет человек
Set phrase: man shall not live by bread alone (man's spiritual demands are no less important than his material needs), not by bread aloneУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > не о хлебе едином жив будет человек
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12 не о хлебе едином жив человек
Set phrase: man shall not live by bread alone (man's spiritual demands are no less important than his material needs), not by bread aloneУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > не о хлебе едином жив человек
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13 удовлетворение материальных нужд
Русско-английский политический словарь > удовлетворение материальных нужд
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14 удовлетворение материальных нужд
Русско-английский военный словарь > удовлетворение материальных нужд
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15 потребность
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16 материальные потребности
Banks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > материальные потребности
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17 потребность потребност·ь
requirement, need, demand, wants; (настоятельная) necessityобеспечивать потребности страны — to meet / to cover / to satisfy the needs of a country
отвечать / соответствовать потребностям — to correspond with the needs
сокращать потребности — to cut / to reduce demands
удовлетворить потребности — to meet / to satisfy the requirements / the needs, to supply wants
личные потребности (людей) — personal requirements / needs (of the people)
культурные потребности населения — cultural needs / requirements of the people
материальные и духовные потребности — material and intellectual / spiritual needs
насущные потребности — vital / essential needs
общественные потребности — social requirements / needs
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > потребность потребност·ь
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18 длительный допустимый ток
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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19 существенный
essential, material, substantial; considerable; importantсуще́ственное замеча́ние — remark very much to the point
суще́ственная попра́вка — important amendment
суще́ственные разли́чия — essential distinctions
суще́ственных измене́ний не произошло́ — no material change (in the situation)
ему́ ну́жно не́что бо́лее суще́ственное на за́втрак — he needs a more substantial breakfast
суще́ственное значе́ние — considerable / material importance
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20 потребность
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
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needs of business — The amount of a product or material necessary for use in the business of a particular person. The requirements of a business in reference to a particular commodity. 46 Am J1st Sales § 135 … Ballentine's law dictionary
material culture — noun : the totality of physical objects made by a people for the satisfaction of their needs; especially : those articles requisite for the sustenance and perpetuation of life * * * Sociol. the aggregate of physical objects or artifacts used by a … Useful english dictionary